The most fascinating fact about the Reichstag Building is that its famous glass dome is a symbol of political transparency and a marvel of green engineering. Designed by architect Norman Foster, the dome provides natural light and ventilation to the parliamentary chamber below, significantly reducing the building's carbon footprint. This fusion of historical architecture with sustainable modern design makes it one of Berlin's most popular landmarks.

A History of Controversy and Transformation

The Reichstag Building has been a silent witness to Germany's turbulent history. Its story is one of imperial ambition, devastating fire, war, division, and ultimately, reunification and democratic rebirth. Each era has left its mark, both literally and figuratively, on the building's stones.

The Kaiser's Displeasure

Construction began in 1884 and finished in 1894, designed by architect Paul Wallot. However, not everyone was a fan. Kaiser Wilhelm II, the German Emperor, famously disliked the building, referring to it as the "pinnacle of bad taste" and the "Reichsaffenhaus" (Imperial Monkey House). He particularly resisted the inscription "Dem Deutschen Volke" (To the German People), which was only added in 1916 during World War I.

The Infamous Reichstag Fire

On February 27, 1933, a devastating fire gutted the building, just four weeks after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor. The Nazi regime blamed communists for the arson, using the event as a pretext to suspend civil liberties and consolidate power, paving the way for dictatorship. The true cause of the fire remains a topic of historical debate.

Surprising Details of the Reichstag

Beyond the grand historical narrative, the Reichstag is filled with unique and surprising features that tell their own stories. From preserved graffiti to a commitment to modern art, there's more to the building than meets the eye.

  • Soviet Graffiti: After the Battle of Berlin in 1945, Soviet soldiers covered the walls with Cyrillic graffiti. During the 1990s restoration, these historical markings were carefully preserved and remain visible today as a reminder of the building's past.
  • Wrapped by Artists: In 1995, before the final reconstruction began, artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude completely wrapped the entire building in over 100,000 square metres of silvery fabric, turning it into a temporary art installation that attracted millions of visitors.
  • A Green Powerhouse: The modern Reichstag is a leader in sustainability. It uses renewable biofuel to generate electricity and heat, producing more energy than it consumes and functioning as a mini power station for the surrounding government quarter.
  • The Glass Dome: The iconic dome, designed by Sir Norman Foster, weighs 800 tonnes and is made of steel and glass. It features two spiralling ramps that allow visitors to ascend above the heads of the politicians below, symbolising that the people are above the government.
  • An Art Venue: The building houses a significant collection of contemporary art. The German Bundestag has a dedicated art program, and works are displayed throughout the building, creating a unique dialogue between politics and art.

Visiting the Reichstag Today

Today, the Reichstag Building is the seat of the German parliament, the Bundestag, and one of Berlin's most visited attractions. A visit to the rooftop terrace and glass dome offers not only a lesson in history and architecture but also one of the best panoramic views of the city. Remember that visiting the dome is free, but you must book tickets online in advance due to high demand and security measures.

Frequently asked questions

Who designed the Reichstag dome?

The famous glass dome was designed by the British architect Sir Norman Foster as part of the building's complete restoration, which was completed in 1999.

What does the inscription on the Reichstag mean?

The inscription on the main facade reads "Dem Deutschen Volke", which translates to "To the German People". It was added in 1916.

Can you see the bullet holes on the Reichstag?

Yes, traces of the building's history, including bullet holes from World War II and Cyrillic graffiti left by Soviet soldiers in 1945, have been intentionally preserved and are visible in certain areas.

Ready to see this incredible piece of living history for yourself? Plan your visit and consider one of our guided tours to get an even deeper insight into the Reichstag Building's fascinating story.